Crime computer virus to twin towers

Many people who worked there had not yet arrived, partly because of a New York mayoral election scheduled for that day. At am, American Airlines flight 11 slammed into the north face of the north tower, rendering all three staircases impassable for anyone above the 91st floor. Sixteen minutes later, and after one-third of its occupants had already evacuated, the south tower was hit by United Airlines flight , leaving only one staircase available for evacuees above the 78th floor.

Besides the problems posed by fires and damage on floors, and debris inside the stairways, people in both towers also faced issues with communication. The north tower's public address system, which would have been used to make emergency announcements to the building's occupants, was disabled by the crash. In the south tower, three minutes before the impact, occupants were told via the public address system to stay in place and wait for further information.

Two minutes later they were told they could evacuate if they wanted. This may have meant more people from higher floors were waiting at the sky lobby on floor 78 when the plane crashed into that floor.

In both towers, people had only limited information on which to base their decisions. For those closest to the impacts, the seriousness of the situation and the need to evacuate was clear.

But for those further away, who may have witnessed only the lights flicker, the uncertainty was palpable. Many people delayed their evacuation to seek out extra information, whether by speaking with colleagues, making phone calls, sending emails or searching online for news updates. Many lives were saved by the brave leadership of people who took control of the situation, urging others to evacuate and helping those who needed assistance.

My Ph. Evacuees faced a dangerous and claustrophobic journey down to ground level. Some people recalled having to leave the stairwell either because of overcrowding, being told to do so by fire or building officials, or because they needed a rest.

Other problems included poor lighting, not knowing which direction to go, and finding the route unavoidably blocked by people with permanent or temporary disabilities. Not everyone was so lucky. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST investigation on which I was an author estimated that between 2, and 2, people were killed in the towers, and that more people died in the north tower, which was struck first.

For those who didn't, the factors linked to their deaths included delaying their evacuation, performing emergency response duties, or being unable to leave their particular floor because of damage or debris. Had the buildings been fully occupied, the consequences would undoubtedly have been even worse.

The stories of those who experienced the terrifying evacuations have helped to shape important and life-saving changes in high-rise buildings. The NIST report made several recommendations that were eventually implemented in a range of building codes and standards around the world, notably the International Building Code. Emergency stairs in skyscrapers must now be at least cm wide, and feature glow-in-the-dark markings on the stair treads that are visible even if the power fails.

What's more, while elevator use is not typically encouraged during building fires, the International Building Code now requires a new "occupant-safe" elevator system or an additional staircase in buildings over meters tall. These new elevator systems are designed to be safely used during fires, offering a vital escape route for people unable to use stairs. But hopefully, when it comes to the design of today's skyscrapers, it has changed things for the better. Explore further. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Thomas Milhorn. Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Preview — Crime by H. This book is an overview of the United States legal system, with a brief introduction to Islamic and International law. The book is divided into six parts. Part III Homicide deals with simple murder, serial murder, mass and spree murder; and assassination.

Part IV Special Groups covers the mafia; the family; the medical, legal, and teaching professions; the religion profession; celebrities; and stupid criminals. Part V On the Edge deals with topics I consider to be a bit strange; that is, quackery, innovative defenses, and dangerous cults.

And finally, Part VI Residue discusses what is left Throughout the book, to illustrate points, I have used over cases of actual crimes. The names of the people and the facts of the cases used in the discussions of these crimes are taken directly from referenced news reports. Quick Change Scam. Healthcare Fraud. Types of Healthcare Fraud. Contractor Fraud. Fictitious Companies. Individual Healthcare Providers.

Medical Equipment Suppliers. Pharmaceutical Services. Female Serial Killers. Nonselective Serial Killers. Pair Serial Killers. Unsolved Serial Murders. Mass and Spree Murder. Early New York Criminal Gangs. Foreign Crime Groups. Crime in the Family. Domestic Violence. Crime in the Professions. Medical Profession. Teaching Profession. In the Name of God. Stupid Criminals. History of Quackery.

Modern Day Quackery. Alternative Medicine. Innovative Defenses. I Didnt Feel Well. I Was Out of my Mind. I Did It to Save Society. It Was the Medications Fault.

It Was Someone Elses Fault. Characteristics of a Dangerous Cult. Some Dangerous Cults. Capital Punishment. Historical Capital Punishment Methods.

Modern Capital Punishment Methods. Droits d'auteur. Page 20 - Court possess the qualifications required, but the whole body also should represent the main forms of civilization and the principal legal systems of the world.

Page 24 - The common-law definition of burglary is breaking and entering the dwelling house of another in the nighttime with intent to commit a felony.

Page 20 - It may not include more than one judge of any nationality. Elections are held every three years for one-third of the seats, and retiring judges may be re-elected. The Members of the Court do not represent their governments but are independent magistrates.

Page 19 - The court has a dual role: to settle in accordance with international law the legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by duly authorized international organs and agencies.