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Source: Hardware Maintenance Manual. Now to introduce you to my magical SD -card, which is another hardware upgrade that facilitates the use of old but also new laptops.

I do it the other way around. I then make monthly backups of the SD -card, which I store on an external storage medium, as well as regular backups of the documents that I am working on, which I temporarily store on the drive of the laptop that I am working on. This has proven to be very reliable, at least for me: I have stopped losing work due to computer problems and insufficient backups.

You can get similar advantages when you keep all your data in the cloud, but the SD -card is the more sustainable option , and it works without internet access. Hypothetically, I could have up to two hard drive failures in one day and keep working as if nothing happened.

Since I am now using both laptops alternately — one with battery, the other one without — I can also leave them at different locations and cycle between these places while carrying only the SD -card in my wallet.

Try that with your brand new, expensive laptop. I can also use my laptops together if I need an extra screen. In combination with a hard disk drive, the SD -card also increases the performance of an old laptop and can be an alternative to installing a solid-state drive.

My spare laptop does not have one and it can be slow when browsing heavy-weight websites. However, thanks to the SD -card, opening a map or document happens almost instantly, as does scrolling through a document or saving it.

Even if you buy all of this, you only spent euros. If you manage to keep working with this lot for ten years, your laptop costs would be Furthermore, you save the ecological damage that is caused by the production of a new laptop every 5.

If you prefer not to buy on auction sites, you can walk to the nearest pawnshop and get a used laptop with a guarantee. My first try was a used ThinkPad X30 from , but that was one step too far.

It uses a different charger type, it has no SD -card slot, and I could not get the wireless internet connection working. For many people, it may serve to choose a somewhat younger laptop. That will give you a webcam and a bit architecture, which makes things easier.

Your choice of laptop also depends on what you want to do with it. If you use it mainly for writing, surfing the web, communication, and entertainment, you can do it as cheaply as I did. The same strategy could be applied, on a somewhat younger and more expensive laptop, but it would suggest switching from a Mac to a Linux operating system.

When it comes to office applications, Linux is clearly better than its commercial alternatives. For a lack of experience, I cannot tell you if that holds for other software as well. Although capitalism could provide us with used laptops for decades to come, the strategy outlined above should be considered a hack, not an economical model. We need another economical model, in which we build all laptops like pre Thinkpads. Significantly, hardware and software changes drive the fast obsolescence of computers, but the latter has now become the most crucial factor.

This is true for operating systems and every type of software, from games to office applications to websites. Consequently, to make laptop use more sustainable, the software industry would need to start making every new version of its products lighter instead of heavier.

The lighter the software, the longer our laptops will last, and we will need less energy to use and produce them. To make a comment, please send an e-mail to solar at lowtechmagazine dot com. Your e-mail address is not used for other purposes, and will be deleted after the comment is published.

Thank you for this very informative article. I recently bought myself a T Thinkpad, as it is the last model with a good keyboard. A little correction could be made about Lenovo buying IBM.

They did not buy the whole company, but only their PC business. More than enough to run Debian on. One thing that might be useful to add to the article: old laptops make for decent servers - the battery is a built-in UPS!

Most of them have enough regulation to where you can probably plug a solar panel straight into them. No charge controller or external battery needed! Great article Kris! Those old thinkpads are tanks :- one note for anyone else reading, windows 10 will install for free on most old laptops if they had at least windows 7 on them. As for Linux Lite ending support for bit computers in , perhaps you could look into other OS outside of Linux. It also supports many architectures, including bit computers.

I really appreciated your article on laptops. I just wanted to notify you of one small typo. I really appreciate the research that you are doing. I liked your article. Since I do pretty heavy data analysis for work, my main activity is done on a Ts that I find good but less enjoyable than the Xs experience. So, basically, yes!

Even people with higher computational needs like me can follow the same route and be happier, spend much less and have a much lower impact on the environment. Thank you for this inspiring article. Nowadays, we rarely discuss the need to either use very old hardware that are still capable or design computers like we did ten to fifteen years ago, with the energy efficiency of today.

Also, as you stated, a holistic approach is needed, encompassing both hardware and software. Especially on the Web, where some websites are so bloated that it is almost impossible to use them with very old computers from my personal experience. I have been using it for one year and got no problem so far, except for the battery that needed to be replaced for a new one easy change, everything is upgradable.

If the hardware does not fail on me, I think I could use it for another decade. Finally, a hack that could get you even further with your current hardware would be to use software that are entirely command line-based depending on your need, of course. It requires some effort to learn but once done, it is very rewarding. There are reasons why laptops become slower over time. One important reason is the cooling system.

If it becomes less efficient because the fan is clogged, the CPU needs to throttle down to prevent itself from overheating. Disassembling the fan and cleaning it from dust is an essential procedure and might be necessary every few months, depending on how dusty your working environment is. Replacement fans might also be required after a while, but these are easily and cheaply obtainable for Thinkpads. Furthermore, replacing the thermal paste between the CPU and the fan might be required every few years.

It dries up and becomes less efficient. You already proposed to replace hard disk with SSDs. SSDs also wear down over time, and their speed decreases. I would suggest to use a tool like smartmontools to monitor the wear leveling of SSDs. If they come close to their end of life, their performance will decrease and you will risk loss of data, so it might be worth to replace it even before it finally fails.

Some people seem to interpret my description as racist, while I wanted to express my awe for his repair qualities. I asked him how he was going to repair my laptop without access to spare parts.

He said he would repair the fan by replacing the copper wire. And he did it overnight. I bought mine on a thrift store around and if I am not mistaken it is a model that started production on It still functions perfectly, I have one broken key but I am too lazy to look for replacement. The most important part probably is that I use it for my work, and I am a software developer. I do not want to upgrade for so many reasons besides ecology and anti-consumerism.

I feel that this old laptop helps me be better in what I do. When I write a piece of code that I feel that the program struggles or takes time to compute, I step back rethink what I did and refactor it.

I super appreciate this article, and I was excited to read about your experiences. It needs a new battery, but that would very much be worth the investment since I already put Linux on it and know that it runs marvelously.

However, I fell queasy at the way you reinforce racist stereotypes at two points in your article. I know you are trying to say that the quality of ThinkPads decreased after Lenovo took over. Just, hoping that you give this issue some thought. I upgraded it with an ssd, took the malfunctionning optical drive out and installed the old HDD in its place, replaced the 2x2gb ram setup that was the maximum when I bought it by a 2x4… At some point the monitor started malfunctionning, I managed to fixed it for a while but when I really had no choice, I decided to try to replace it… And failed miserably probably broke part of the connectics along the process.

I swapted all the hardware upgrades from my old one and shazam : I now have a brand new fully working antiquity. It runs smoothly with OsX OsX support will stop eventually so I intend to find a linux distro that will work decently with apple hardware. That would not be much of a problem on a desktop computer but a laptop…. Switching to Linux was a steep learning curve, but now running Mint Cinnamon for 6 years, very happy with it.

No issues with old laptops. I use a laptop mainly desktop-style, with a separate keyboard, mouse, monitor and USB webcam. For them a separate keyboard and wired mouse can make a lot of difference; as does a power-supply that has an earth wire.

WIFI is one of the reasons of huge consumption of electricity by the mobile masts and to a lesser extend the routers. Health wise WIFI is a bad option as well for a growing number of people. Wired Internet is a good option for low-tech low-energy consumption aspects. More speed, less electricity. Nice article. The company formerly known as Fujitsu-Siemens builds quite solid notebooks and desktops for enterprise use.

And I recommend using an external keyboard at home, if you like to avoid keyboard replacements. Are you aware of this open hardware and software DIY laptop from Olimex? Hello Kris, thanks for your new essay - I always enjoy them. Reducing emissions means less consumption means being poorer - and hopefully adapting humanely and socially to this. Another theme is regarding Chinese technical culture.

I use and repair chainsaws a lot, and in the past I bought German chainsaws because of their quality. There are now Chinese-made non-genuine parts for old German chainsaws, up to full copies of out-of-patent models like with computers, I think there was a peak in design that we have now passed.

These are cheap enough to support a culture of repair, so that a chainsaw can have an unlimited life. This approach might mean saws spend more time in the repair workshop, but greatly reduces the annual energy and money cost of producing timber and wood fuel for a community. I love this post. I thrive on discarded computers! Although I did acquire a random high-end Dell from for free, and Debian works great on it.

Thank you! I hate spending all that money when all I need is something for web browsing, email, streaming, zoom meetings and writing documents.

This is a good alternative. The laptop I use is a second hand post-cooperate-life piece of hardware from Where its processor is now from - so good ten years old soon. Just since this year there are octacore models around at a base frequency of 2,3Ghz. So even if you are working at high and requirements it is possible to use your hardware for at least for 10 years before switching. Corporate and government fleet retirements happen constantly and auction to refurbishers for next to nothing.

The Wuhan death flu has increased the demand for laptops in America and has nearly tripled this price. Great article as always. My oldest is a Toshiba Portege from which I still use even today. One of the previous comments suggested working from the command line or text based applications which, in addition to a significant reduction in energy consumption, also can breath new life into very old machines.

Admittedly, there is a bit of a learning curve, but well worth the effort imo. Yes, that is something that I am eager to try, although it will take time. When I was a kid, the command line was the only way to operate a computer. I had come across that Olimex laptop but then forget about it.

Thanks for reminding me. This is indeed how new laptops could be like. And this one costs little more than a good used machine.

I have also stopped buying new laptops in order to not create more waste than needed. You can also find them easily through specialized resellers that buy out old hardware from enterprises. They also tend to be very light and you should find yourself easily at home coming from a linux OS.

Last but not least, privileging cli apps is indeed a good way to save computentionnal power and ram usagr. Out of necessity as a broken student I had to extend the life of an old pentium for a very long time, using cli tools for anything but web browsing at the time. Translator of the Polish LTM edition here. I hope it will last couple more years. Conservation and low-tech are most cost-effective and fastest in a short term methods to lower our impact on the environment, cut CO2 emissions and save resources for next generations.

I think appropriate tech and low-tech will regain its momentum in about years when diminishing returns of the high-tech renewables will go into negative returns. What do You think Kris? HI , i read your article about stopped buying laptops, i agree, instead i have two X60s IBM laptop like you.

I wrote for another advice, buy a usb wifi adapter, the heat of your laptop decrese a lot. I use Chrunchbang plus linux distribution, and for make document use vim with markdown syntax and convert with pandoc software for word, pdf or others formats. For edit audio podcast or video i use ffmpeg from command line. Share a screenshot of my web browser lynx for read your website, and how use command line for write this mail with mutt. Today I also learned that part of the French translations are made on a Thinkpad X I think your observation is correct.

Many environmentalists changed tactics from the late s onwards, buying into the idea that sustainability and economic growth can be combined. I remember around they were heavily promoting biofuels for cars, which quickly became a disaster, while earlier on they had argued against the car. Great Post Kris. My son works for Dell and he has helped me over the years to find good used laptops and desktops.

They are all working and have needed upgrades and repairs from time to time but I have done all the repairs. They are all Dells of course. I could write a similar article on Cars. The last new car I bought was and I have only bought 3 new cars in my life.

The first in There are some models that are cheaply repairable like my corolla with K miles and some that are durable, repairable and almost indestructible if just minimally maintained like my 3 W mercedes diesels, also with nearly K miles. But beside the specs, this computer is fully open source and well documented. It is easy to replace batterys or anything else, it is build that way that you can take it apart.

One of my favorite computer accessories is my Alphasmart Neo portable word processor. I will often travel with only the Alphasmart and my phone, as with a USB - OTG converter it works with phones and tablets, where I can do revision etc. Mine was manufactured in Nice post and very interesting website.

Discovered you yesterday via the sidebar at peaksurfer. For those of us who are developers or power users and really do need to be able to keep up with the latest software trends, obtaining one of these units seems like a good compromise between making do with the limitations of older models and being forced to choose among the smorgasbord of internally up-to-date but otherwise unsatisfactory options from seemingly all manufacturers in the last several years, all of which were clearly put together with planned obsolescence in mind.

Unfortunately, if you look at the situation from the point of view of manufacturers and corporate interests fully invested in the current system where profit is the only real motive, there is no incentive whatsoever to build durable, long-lasting products. There does seem to be a gap in the market for this, however, that a sufficiently determined and knowledgeable group of entrepeneurs might be able to pursue, much like this team at 51nb.

I just wondered if you also compared the environmental improvements you have made using and repairing older laptops VS doing the same but with desktops? As these are very modular and parts can be mixed and matched across different makes and models. But even if that becomes a issue the motherboard itself can be upgraded together with ram and CPU leaving the rest of the machine alone.

The case, fans, power supply, screen, keyboard and mouse might never have to be replaced while a new laptop always discards these parts when one buys another new to you one. This is why I favour a desktop for home use and it might not be practical for someone who travels a lot.

What are your thoughts on this? There are companies leasing computer stuff to businesses. The machines they sell are probably 3 to 5 years old, and business class, durable systems. I am a happy user of second hand Dell Latitude laptops. I originally looked at Lenovo Thinkpads, too, but 20 seconds on a keyboard made me decide against them. Seems you really enjoy writing on X60S. I just curious, how long the battery last on that machine?

Or only 2 hours? Do you need to plug in and bring your charger everywhere you go? I also use a very old laptop from Asus A43SV. But seems I overdo it. I see you have the same idea as I had. I am running a Thinkpad T from , the only thing I did was swap to an SSD simply because spinning hard disks are essentially ticking time bombs for reliability.

This laptop is a solid work horse, that is when I do eventually use it, as my internet use has been declining with time as the internet becomes more costly to access and less functional. That is that the information technology we are using to today, while very useful, is also very fragile. That the massive wave of progress in terms of functionality and performance was a one time deal from the last big blow off of the petroleum age and that it should not be taken for granted.

The fact is that computer performance per dollar has pretty much plateaued for the last decade - at least compared with the performance increases of the earlier decades.

This was because performance increases were happening so rapidly that the time to market was enough to see the new machines on the shelf as already being behind what had been announced. To get that kind of performance increase going back from , you have to go back to !

That is a massive shift and it is going to be a defining feature of future computers. You can adjust the spin speed of the machine to suit your needs. The machine is turned on by By pressing this button, it is possible to reduce the maximum speed, and if you wish, the spin cycle can be cancelled.

Page 10 Dosages Useful advice for users Only use detergents which are suitable for use in a washing machine. You will obtain the best results from your wash with the minimum use of chemical products and the best care for your laundry if you take into consideration the degree of soiling as well Tips on using your domestic appliance in the most environmentally-friendly and economical as the type of detergent to choose.

Loading the laundry B Open the porthole. The washing machine needs very little maintenance: - Cleaning the drawer compartments. Page Technical Data Note: The use of environmentally-friendly, phosphate-free detergents can have the following effects: - waste water from rinsing may be cloudier because of the presence of zeolites held in suspension, without the rinse performance being adversely affected; - presence of white powder zeolites on laundry after washing, which is not absorbed by the fabric and does not alter the colour of the fabric.

The Manufacturers will not be responsible for any Remove the polystyrene base and place the machine near its permanent position diagram 1.

For the washing machine to function properly the terminal end of the discharge hose mouth Page 16 The manufacturer declines all responsibility in the event of any printing mistakes in this booklet.

The manufacturer also reserves the right to make appropriate modifications to its products without changing the essential characteristics. Main filter Food and soil particles trapped by this filter are pulverized by a special jet on the lower spray arm and washed down the drain. Page 10 To clean the edge around the door, you should use only a soft warm, damp rag. To prevent penetration of water into the door lock and electrical components, do not use a spray cleaner of any kind.

Also, never use abrasive cleaners or scouring pads on the outer surfaces because they will scratch the finish. If the water pipes are new or have not been used for an extended period of time, let the water run to make sure that the water is clear and free of impurities.

Page 12 Power supply is not Make sure the dishwasher is turned on and the door is turned on closed securely. Make sure the power cord is properly plugged into the wall socket. Water pressure is low Check that the water supply is connected properly and the water is turned on. Page 13 Combination of soft Use less detergent if you have soft water and select a water and too much shortest cycle to wash the glassware and to get them clean. Print page 1 Print document 13 pages. Rename the bookmark.

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