The nature of mass poverty pdf

This book has eleven main parts: Introduction; Why there is mass unemployment in Nigeria; Basis for industrialisation; The Wealth creating cycle; Fruits of industrialisation; Theory of learning, employment, automation, productivity and The book argues that policies focused on employment generation, mostly through industrialization, are the way forward in terms of providing livelihoods, sustaining growth and reducing inequality.

The book is divided into two main parts. This book argues that only a radical reinterpretation of the history of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the West as incorrectly portrayed by the institutional theory can fully explain China's growth miracle and why the This report argues that radical changes in industrial organization and its relationship to society tend to arise in rapidly industrializing countries, and that new principles of sustainable production are more likely to bear fruit in But in economics, having to care for millions of people whom you could never know personally gave rise to the idea of welfare.

It was totally human-centric and forgetful of ecology, but it championed one principle that humans and even our ancestors the hominins needed, which got written into European political philosophy: the idea that humans have to be protected from predators and natural disasters.

The more humans created a human-dominated world order, an order of life, the more we got rid of most of the wildlife that could have threatened it. The only predators we have left now are viruses, bacteria, and other microbes.

In a way, this happened by combining caring with scaling up. When you read Hobbes, the basic principle is that the protection of human life is a fundamental public good. And Hobbes assumes that this includes protection not only from bad people, but also from wild animals. The history of urbanization is basically the elimination of wild animals. Now we see how the question of protection becomes a question of public health.

The current pandemic is a very interesting instance of what has happened through this scaling up, of how the global reveals the planetary. On the one hand, the disease is global because we are global; we are large in number, concentrated in cities, and are intensely mobile, so we spread the disease around. Bats have been around for fifty million years, and are a much older species than human beings. This microbe had a small local address, and now its address is global.

Basically, it has colonized our bodies and found a new way to become global. So we have actually scaled the microbe up into a global microbe, and therefore precipitated an event in the history of life and biological evolution.

In some way, we have scaled ourselves up to such a degree that we have imperiled our own existence. If the whole principle that humans should be protected from predators came to mean, effectively, that we have no other predators than microbes, viruses, and bacteria, the expansion of our economic and extractive activities has meant that they can now jump species to become very effective predators.

The predicament is deeper than the predicament of the high modernists that Latour criticizes. We will not understand this predicament unless we take the question of mass poverty very seriously. All those anti-colonial people I named spoke about poverty and development and modernization in good faith. Now people like Prime Minister Modi and others speak of the same things in bad faith.

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